In 250 million years, the planet may face extreme conditions. The world could become uninhabitable, with unbearable heat and volcanic activity.

Read the full research article here: https://bit.ly/3X03FB5

  • tal@lemmy.today
    link
    fedilink
    English
    arrow-up
    0
    ·
    5 days ago

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Earth

    Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere, which can result in mass extinctions. These include impacts by comets or asteroids and the possibility of a near-Earth supernova—a massive stellar explosion within a 100-light-year (31-parsec) radius of the Sun. Other large-scale geological events are more predictable. Milankovitch’s theory predicts that the planet will continue to undergo glacial periods at least until the Quaternary glaciation comes to an end. These periods are caused by the variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of Earth’s orbit.[10] As part of the ongoing supercontinent cycle, plate tectonics will probably create a supercontinent in 250–350 million years. Sometime in the next 1.5–4.5 billion years, Earth’s axial tilt may begin to undergo chaotic variations, with changes in the axial tilt of up to 90°.[11]

    The luminosity of the Sun will steadily increase, causing a rise in the solar radiation reaching Earth and resulting in a higher rate of weathering of silicate minerals. This will affect the carbonate–silicate cycle, which will reduce the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In about 600 million years from now, the level of carbon dioxide will fall below the level needed to sustain C3 carbon fixation photosynthesis used by trees. Some plants use the C4 carbon fixation method to persist at carbon dioxide concentrations as low as ten parts per million. However, in the long term, plants will likely die off altogether. The extinction of plants would cause the demise of almost all animal life since plants are the base of much of the animal food chain.[12][13]

    In about one billion years, solar luminosity will be 10% higher, causing the atmosphere to become a “moist greenhouse”, resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans. As a likely consequence, plate tectonics and the entire carbon cycle will end.[14] Then, in about 2–3 billion years, the planet’s magnetic dynamo may cease, causing the magnetosphere to decay, leading to an accelerated loss of volatiles from the outer atmosphere. Four billion years from now, the increase in Earth’s surface temperature will cause a runaway greenhouse effect, creating conditions more extreme than present-day Venus and heating Earth’s surface enough to melt it. By that point, all life on Earth will be extinct.[15][16] Finally, the planet will likely be absorbed by the Sun in about 7.5 billion years, after the star has entered the red giant phase and expanded beyond the planet’s current orbit.[17]

    At some point or another, Earth is not going to be in great shape for life as we know it.

    But that point is most-likely to be well down the line. The most-potentially-immediate threats, like asteroid defense, are something that we’re doing.

    And some perspective on time is nice. If we make it that far without problems, we’re probably going to be able to solve a lot of problems a lot more capably than we are today.

    About 66 million years ago, our ancestors looked like this:

    If one assumes that our descendants, 66 million years hence, are at least as far removed from our present-day selves as great-grandaddy here is, hopefully they will be able to solve a lot of problems that we are not presently equipped to solve. I’m generally not a fan of kicking the can down the road on problems, but I think that in this case, we can probably have some faith in those who are to come.