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Cake day: June 14th, 2023

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  • In most household shocks, you touch a conductor, and you are the resistor to ground. Your resistance is independent of the drive voltage, so if you touch a 110V wire, the current will be half of what you get with a 220V wire. So the voltage determines the current, and thus the lethality.

    There’s lots of other factors that go into the effective resistance like the amount of moisture on your skin, what shoes you’re wearing, and what the floor is made of, etc, but in all cases twice as much voltage will cause twice as much current. You are by far the highest resistance element in the circuit, so your resistance will completely determine the current - most household circuits are capable of supplying 10-15A continuously, so your resistance is the current limiter.

    It’s a bad idea either to go touching live wires either way, but the rule of thumb I heard was was that a 110V shock usually won’t kill you and 220V shock usually will.


  • Fun fact - some soldering irons regulate their temperature using the curie point. There’s a disk of ferromagnetic material with a particular curie point in the tip. A magnet in the barrel of the soldering iron is attracted to the tip, and when it sticks to the tip, it switches the heating element on. When the disk hits its curie temperature it’s no longer magnetic, and the magnetic switch opens and shuts off the heating element (it’s on a weak spring). When the tip cools down enough it becomes magnetic again, and the magnet is pulled to it and turns on the heater. You can have different tips with different curie temperatures, so one soldering iron can do multiple temperatures with very cheap internal electronics (basically, just a switch).